disjunctions - definição. O que é disjunctions. Significado, conceito
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O que (quem) é disjunctions - definição

FAILURE OF CHROMATID OR CHROMOSOME PAIRS TO SEPARATE
Non-disjunction; Nondisjunction, genetic; Meiotic nondisjunction; Mitotic nondisjunction; Chromosomal nondisjunction; Chromosomal non-disjunction; Nondisjunction (genetics); Meiotic nondisjunctions; Mitotic nondisjunctions; Meiotic non-disjunction; Mitotic non-disjunction; Meiotic non-disjunctions; Mitotic non-disjunctions; Nondisjunctions; Non-disjunctions; Chromosomal nondisjunctions; Chromosomal non-disjunctions; Chromosome nondisjunction; Chromosome non-disjunction; Chromosome nondisjunctions; Chromosome non-disjunctions; Non-dysjunction
  •  '''Karyotype of X monosomy (Turner syndrome)'''<br /> This condition is characterized by the presence of '''only one X chromosome''' and no Y chromosome (see bottom right corner).
  •  '''Karyotype of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)'''<br />
Note that chromosome 21 is present in 3 copies, while all other chromosomes show the normal diploid state with 2 copies. Most cases of trisomy of chromosome 21 are caused by a nondisjunction event during meiosis I (see text).
  • '''Nondisjunction of sister chromatids during mitosis:''' <br />
''Left:'' Metaphase of mitosis. Chromosome line up in the middle plane, the mitotic spindle forms and the kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to the microtubules. <br />
''Right:'' Anaphase of mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and the microtubules pull them in opposite directions. <br />
The chromosome shown in ''red'' fails to separate properly, its sister chromatids stick together and get pulled to the same side, resulting in mitotic nondisjunction of this chromosome.
  • [[Zygote]]
}} The left image at the blue arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis II. The right image at the green arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis I. Nondisjunction is when chromosomes fail to separate normally resulting in a gain or loss of chromosomes.
  •   '''Loss of a tumor suppressor gene locus according to the two-hit model''': <br />
In the first hit, the tumor suppressor gene on one of the two chromosomes is affected by a mutation that makes the gene product non-functional. This mutation may arise spontaneously as a DNA replication error or may be induced by a DNA damaging agent. The second hit removes the remaining wild-type chromosome, for example through a '''mitotic nondisjunction''' event. There are several other potential mechanisms for each of the two steps, for example an additional mutation, an unbalanced translocation, or a gene deletion by recombination. As a result of the double lesion, the cell may become malignant because it is no longer able to express the tumor suppressor protein.

non-disjunction         
¦ noun Genetics failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during nuclear division.
Nondisjunction         
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis.
injunction         
LEGAL ORDER TO STOP DOING SOMETHING
Injunctive relief; Temporary restraining order; Injunctions; Intervention order; Preliminary injunction; Enjoin; Stay away order; Temporary injunction; Permanent injunction; Writs of injunction; Enjoined; Apprehended Violence Order; Court injunction; Family violence protection order; Enjoining; Apprehended violence order; Civil Stalking Protection Order; Civil Protection Order; Counter-injunction; Counter injunction; Counterinjunction; Counterinjunctions; Counter-injunctions; Counter injunctions; Counterinjunctive; Counter-injunctive; Super-injunction; Superinjunction; Super injunction; Hyperinjunction; Hyper-injunction; Super Injunction; Superinjunctions; Super injunctions; Judicial injunction; Injunctive and declaratory relief; Temporary Restraining Orders; Super-injunctions
n.
1) to grant, hand down, issue an injunction
2) to deliver an injunction
3) an injunction against (an injunction against picketing)
4) a permanent; temporary injunction
5) an injunction to + inf. (an injunction to prevent picketing)
6) an injunction that + clause; subj. (the court issued an injunction that picketing not take/should not take place)

Wikipédia

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).

Calvin Bridges and Thomas Hunt Morgan are credited with discovering nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster sex chromosomes in the spring of 1910, while working in the Zoological Laboratory of Columbia University.

Exemplos do corpo de texto para disjunctions
1. Leader Thursday February 16, 2006 The Guardian Of the many non–sequiturs and logical disjunctions that have littered the terrorism debate since '/11 and 7/7, one of the more striking of recent times was uttered by Gordon Brown after the conviction of Abu Hamza a week ago.
2. The objects in his still lifes are themselves unexceptional bottles, boxes, and containers, but, taking their place – grouped or isolated, joined or separated – in his paintings, they become subtle metaphors for people and places, for spaces and presences, and for tranquil relationships and introverted disjunctions.